System of fuel injection and precombustion-chamber spray ignition in piston and rotary-piston internal combustion engines

ABSTRACT

A system of fuel injection and precombustion-chamber spray ignition in piston and rotary-piston internal combustion engines is provided with a nozzle disposed in the precombustion chamber of the engine and connected to a fuel pump, and a jet pump connected to a tank filled with fuel that is provided with a device for maintaining a preset level in it. The tank and the jet pump are connected to the combustion chamber of the engine by a duct in which a shut-off valve is installed for tapping gas from the combustion chamber to the jet pump and tank, the valve having a drive functioning synchronously with the delivery of fuel by the fuel pump.

United States Patent Mozokhin et al.

[ 51 Aug. 8, 1972 [54]v SYSTEM OF FUEL INJECTION ANDPRECOMBUSTION-CHANEER SPRAY IGNITION IN PISTON AND ROTARY- PISTONINTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES U.S.S.R.

[73] Assignee: Gorkovsky Automobilny Zavod,

' Gorky, U.S.S.R.

[22] Filed: March 4,1971

[21] Appl. No.: 120,844

[52] US. Cl. ..123/32 SP, 123/32 ST, 123/119 A, 123/139 AJ, 123/139 AW[58] Field of Search ..F02b/3/00; 123/8.l3, 32 SP, 123/32 ST, 139 AJ,139 AW, 119 A;

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,588,885 6/1926 Hart..60/39.48

1,737,813 12/1929 Tice 123/32 SP 1,953,808 4/1934 Kenneweg ..60/39.482,766,582 10/1956 Smith ..123/32 SP 2,816,533 12/1957 Reggio ..123/l39AL 2,849,992 9/ 1958 Stillebroer et a1. 123/32 SP 2,914,043 11/1959Mallinger ..123/32 SP 3,443,552 5/1969 Von Seggem et al. .123/32 STPrimary Examiner -C. J. l-lusar Attorney-Waters, Roditi, Schwartz &Nissen [5 7] ABSTRACT A system of fuel injection andprecombustionchamber spray ignition in piston and rotary-piston internalcombustion engines is provided with a nozzle disposed in theprecombustion chamber of the engine and connected to a fuel pump, and ajet pump connected to a tank filled with fuel that is provided with adevice for maintaining a preset level in it.'The tank and the jet pumpare connected to the combustion chamber of the engine by a duct in whicha shut-off valve is installed for tapping gas from the combustionchamber to the jet pump and tank, the valve having a drive functioningsynchronously with the delivery of fuel by the fuel pump.

4 Claims, 1 Drawing figure The present invention relates to systems offuel delivery and controlling engine duty used in piston androtary-piston internal combustion engines.

Known in the art is a system of fuel injection and precombustion-chamberspray injection in piston and rotary-piston internal combustion enginescomprising a nozzle disposed in the precombustion chamber of the engineand connected to a fuel pump, and a fuel atomizer arranged in the inletpipe.

The known system of fuel injection does not make it possible to useincreased compression ratios of the mixture in the combustion chamber,as such ratios could lead to detonation during combustion of themixture, which limits the possibility of effective qualitative controlof all the working duties of the engine.

No provision is made in the known systems for automatic reduction of theamount of fuel fed into the precombustion chamber as the load on theengine grows. This may lead to too great overenrichment of the mixturein the precombustion chamber and reduce to zero the effect ofprecombustion-chamber spray igmtion.

In the known systems, economical operation of the engine is ensured whenthe load drops by using a rich mixture at the expense of quantitativecontrol of the working duties, which leads to a poorer performance ofthe engine working cycle and a growth of the toxicity of the exhaustgases, and also to a more intricate system of controlling the engineworking duties, namely, to the installation of an additional automaticdevice for controlling the quality of the mixture.

An object of the present invention is to provide such a system of fuelinjection and precombustion-chamber spray ignition in piston androtary-piston internal combustion engines that would ensure qualitativecontrol of all the engine working duties with the use of a highcompression ratio of the mixture, with its following automatic reductionas the load on the engine grows.

It is proposed a system of fuel injection and precombustion-chamberspray injection in piston and rotarypiston internal combustion enginescomprising a nozzle disposed in the precombustion chamber of the engineand connected to a fuel pump, and a fuel atomizer disposed in the inletpipe of the engine, wherein, according to the invention, the atomizer isa jet pump connected to a tank filled with fuel that isprovided with adevice for maintaining a preset level of the fuel in it, and the saidtank is connected to the combustion chamber of the engine by means of aduct in which there is installed a shut-off valve equipped with a drivethat operates synchronously with delivery of the fuel by the fuel pump,the valve being designed for tapping gas from the combustion chamberinto the jet pump and tank and simultaneously for changing thecompression ratio of the mixture depending on the engine duty.

The jet pump of the system is an atomizer whose inner fuel-feeding tubehas one and end immersed in the fuel contained in the tank.

The device for maintaining the preset level of the fuel in the tank is afloat closing the outlet orifice of the pipe feeding the fuel at apreset level of the latter, a non-return valve being installed in thepipe.

The shut-off valveis spring-loaded and is operated by a piston valvepusher that moves under the pressure of the fuel fed to it from the fuelpump, the excess fuel being discharged by the piston valve pusher alonga pipe into the inlet system of the fuel pump.

The proposed system ensures qualitative control of all the workingduties of the engine even when using low-octane fuels by providing thepossibility of using a high compression ratio of the mixture with itsfollowing automatic reduction as the load on the engine grows.

The possibility of using effective qualitative control ensures high fueleconomy in the engine, appreciably reduces the toxicity of the exhaustgases and simplifies the system of controlling the engine duties,eliminating the use of an automatic device for controlling the qualityof the mixture.

As the engine load grows, the automatic reduction of the compressionratio of the mixture by partial removing of the gases from thecombustion chamber while retaining a constant geometrical compressionratio of the engine excludes the possibility of detonation combustion athigh load duties at which the composition of the mixture in the maincombustion chamber is the most dangerous from the viewpoint ofdetonation.

In the proposed system, provision is made for automatic reduction of thesupply of the precombustion chamber part of the fuel by bypassing partof it with the aid of the piston valve pusher into the inlet system ofthe fuel pump, thus ensuring an almost constant easily flammableenriched composition of the mixture in the precombustion chamber andretaining the precombustion-chamber and spray effect at any engineduties.

In addition, the change in the supply of the part of the fuel fed intothe main combustion chamber depending on engine operation isautomatically set by using the jet pump, which functions under theaction of the gas delivered to the tank from the combustion chamber.

The nature of the present invention will become more fully apparent froma consideration of the following detailed description of an exemplaryembodiment thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing.

The system shown in the drawing comprises fuel pump 1 connected by meansof pipe 2 to nozzle 3 installed in precombustion chamber 4 of combustionchamber 5 of the engine, chamber 5 consisting of precombustion chamber 4and main chamber 6.

Spark plug 7 is installed in precombustion chamber 4 for ignition of anenriched mixture.

At inlet pipe 8 of the engine there is installed jet pump 9 foratomization of the fuel that comprises an atomizer whose atomizing part10 is disposed in inlet pipe 8. Atomizer 9 is connected to tank 11containing fuel by means of fuel delivery tube 12, one end of which isimmersed in the fuel contained in tank 1 l. The preset level of fuel ismaintained in tank 1 l by means of a device comprising float 13 carryingclosing needle 14 that shuts the outlet orifice of pipe 15 supplying thefuel.

Pipe 15 contains a non-return valve 16 for closing its outlet orificewhen gas is being fed into tank 1 1.

Tank 11 and jet pump 9 are connected to combustion chamber 5 by means ofduct 17 in which shutoff valve 18 is installed. Valve 18 is actuated bydrive 19 and is designed for tapping the gas from combustion chamberinto jet pump 9 and tank 11. Drive 19 comprises piston valve pusher 20that moves under the action of the pressure of the fuel supplied fromfuel pump loaded by spring 26.

The system functions as follows;

Fuel from the fuel tank (not shown in the drawing) is supplied by afuel-feed pump (not shown in the drawing) after filtration along pipes15 and 24 into tank 11 and fuel pump 1, respectively.

During the compression stroke, pump 1 delivers the fuel along pipe 2into nozzle 3, and also along pipes 2 and 21 to drive 19 of shut-offvalve 18.

During starting, idle running and low loads of the engine, the entirecycle portion of fuel supplied by pump 1 is injected by means of nozzle3 into precombustion chamber 4, where in all duties there is formed anenriched mixture that is easily ignited by spark plug 7,

Upon an increase in the amount of fuel delivered by pump 1, the pressurein pipes 2 and 21 will grow owing to the limited capacity of nozzle 3.As a result piston valve pusher 20, overcoming the resistance of spring26 and the pressure of the gases in combustion chamber 5, opens shut-offvalve 18 and bypass port 22. Compressed gas from combustion chamber 5through duct 17 flows into atomizer 9 and tank 11 and exerts pressure onthe fuel in it. Non-return valve 16 closes pipe 15.

Under the pressure of the gas flowing into jet pump 9 and tank 11, thefuel rising along tube 12 into atomizer 9, sucked into it-by the streamof gases, is injected by atomizing part of the atomizer into inlet pipe8 of the engine.

As the fuel is consumed from tank 11, needle 14 of float 13 opens theinlet orifice of tank 11 and fills it with fuel to the preset level.When the fuel reaches the given level, needle 14 again closes the inletorifice, stopping the supply of fuel into tank 11.

As the amount of fuel supplied by pump 1 increases, the excess fuelthrough port 22 and pipe 23 is discharged into the pipe 24 feeding fuelto fuel pipe 1. With an increase in the duration of fuel delivery bypump 1 the"time-section of shut-off valve 18 grows.

With a growth. in the load on the engine, the amount of fuel passingthrough atomizer 9 increases, and through nozzle 3 decreases, retainingthe optimal enriched composition of the mixture in precombustion chamber4, and it is this that ensures the precomloads on the engine at which atoo lean mixture in main combustion chamber 6 prevents any possibilityof detonation appearing during combustion of the mixture.

When pump 1 stops delivering fuel, the pressure of the fuel in pipes 2and 21 decreases, nozzle 3 stops injecting fuel into precombustionchamber 4, and piston valve pusher 20 and shut-off valve 18 under theaction ttsra asta saa mattresses ing the entrance to duct 17 and part22. As a result operation of atomizer 9 stops.

Thus, by changing only the position of the control I member (not shownin the drawing) of pump l,-the optimal compositions of the mixture incombustion chamber 5 are ensured, and also the required compressionratio of the mixture. The above underlies the achievement of qualitativecontrol of all the engine working duties.

What we claim is:

l. A system of fuel injection and precombustionchamber spray ignition inpiston and rotary-piston internal combustion engines, comprising a fuelpump; a nozzle disposed in the precombustion chamber of the engine andconnected to said fuel pump; a tank filled with fuel and connected bymeans of a duct to said engine combustion chamber; a device formaintaining a preset level of fuel in said tank; a jet pump installed inthe inlet pipe of said engine and connected to said tank, designed forinjecting fuel into said inlet pipe; a shut-off valve disposed in saidduct connecting the tank to the combustion chamber and designed fortapping gas from the combustion chamber into the tank and simultaneouslyfor changing the compression ratio of the mixture depending on theengine duty; the gas, flowing into said tank under pressure, facilitatesthe suction of fuel into said jet pump and its injection into thecombustion chamber; means for actuating said shut-off valve functioningsynchronously with the delivery of fuel by the said fuel pump.

2. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the jet pump comprises anatomizer whose inner fuel delivery tube has one end immersed in the fuelcontained in the tank.

3. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the device for maintainingthe preset level of the fuel in the tank comprises a float closing theoutlet orifice of the pipe supplying fuel at its preset level, anon-retum valve being installed in the pipe.

4. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shutoff valve isspring-loaded and is'actuated by a piston valve pusher moving under theaction of the fuel delivered to it from the fuel pump, the excess fuelbeing discharged by the piston valve pusher along a pipe into the inletsystem of the fuel pump.

1. A system of fuel injection and precombustion-chamber spray ignitionin piston and rotary-piston internal combustion engines, comprising afuel pump; a nozzle disposed in the precombustion chamber of the engineand connected to said fuel pump; a tank filled with fuel and connectedby means of a duct to said engine combustion chamber; a device formaintaining a preset level of fuel in said tank; a jet pump installed inthe inlet pipe of said engine and connected to said tank, designed forinjecting fuel into said inlet pipe; a shut-off valve disposed in saidduct connecting the tank to the combustion chamber and designed fortapping gas from the combustion chamber into the tank and simultaneouslyfor changing the compression ratio of the mixture depending on theengine duty; the gas, flowing into said tank under pressure, facilitatesthe suction of fuel into said jet pump and its injection into thecombustion chamber; means for actuating said shut-off valve functioningsynchronously with the delivery of fuel by the said fuel pump.
 2. Asystem as claimed in claim 1, wherein the jet pump comprises an atomizerwhose inner fuel delivery tube has one end immersed in the fuelcontained in the tank.
 2. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein thejet pump comprises an atomizer whose inner fuel delivery tube has oneend immersed in the fuel contained in the tank.
 3. A system as claimedin claim 1, wherein the device for maintaining the preset level of thefuel in the tank comprises a float closing the outlet orifice of thepipe supplying fuel at its preset level, a non-return valve beinginstalled in the pipe.
 3. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein thedevice for maintaining the preset level of the fuel in the tankcomprises a float closing the outlet orifice of the pipe supplying fuelat its preset level, a non-return valve being installed in the pipe. 4.A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shut-off valve isspring-loaded and is actuated by a piston valve pusher moving under theaction of the fuel delivered to it from the fuel pump, the excess fuelbeing discharged by the piston valve pusher along a pipe into the inletsystem of the fuel pump.
 4. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein theshut-off valve is spring-loaded and is actuated by a piston valve pushermoving under the action of the fuel delivered to it from the fuel pump,the excess fuel being discharged by the piston valve pusher along a pipeinto the inlet system of the fuel pump.